Subplate Neuron

A neurons cell type of the human nervous system.

Early-born transient cortical neuron that guides thalamocortical wiring and early cortical network activity.

Function

Transient early cortical neurons that guide thalamocortical/corticothalamic circuit formation and participate in early spontaneous network activity.

Morphology

Diverse (mostly multipolar; also pyramidal, fusiform, inverted)

Specification

  • Neurotransmitter: Glutamate (predominant); GABA in a minority
  • Receptors: GABA-A (depolarizing in development)
  • Location: Subplate zone (developing cortex), at the white-matter/grey-matter junction; a subset persists as layer 6b
  • Projections: Thalamus (corticothalamic) and cortical plate; relay thalamocortical input to cortex
  • Firing: Spontaneous bursting (immature)
  • Markers: CTGF (CCN2); Nurr1 (NR4A2); Complexin-3 (CPLX3); LPAR1; Reelin (RELN) in some
  • Developmental origin: Among the earliest-born cortical neurons (mouse ~E11.5-E12.5), VZ of dorsal pallium
  • Disease: Selective vulnerability: hypoxia-ischemia / preterm injury. Developmental associations (evidence varies): autism, epilepsy, schizophrenia.
  • Cell Ontology: CL:0000540

References

  1. Hoerder-Suabedissen A & Molnár Z (2015). Development, evolution and pathology of neocortical subplate neurons.. Nature reviews. Neuroscience 16 PMID 25697157
  2. Hoerder-Suabedissen A & Molnár Z (2013). Molecular diversity of early-born subplate neurons.. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 23 PMID 22628460
  3. Kanold PO (2004). Transient microcircuits formed by subplate neurons and their role in functional development of thalamocortical connections.. Neuroreport 15 PMID 15371723

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